| G | Fifth letter of a Nasdaq stock symbol specifying that the issue is the first convertible bond of the company. |
| GA | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GABON. |
| GAAP | See: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles |
| Gadfly | A nickname for a "professional" securityholder who owns stock in various companies, attends annual meetings and asks senior management hard and often embarrassing questions. |
| Gaijin | Japanese term used to describe a non-Japanese investor in Japan (outside person). A more polite version of the same word is gaikokujin which means outside country person. |
| Gain | A profit on a securitiestransaction recognized by selling a security for more than the security originally cost. The gain is the difference between the cost and the sale. |
| Gamma | The ratio of a change in the optiondelta to a small change in the price of the asset on which the option is written. |
| Gap | Financing that is required, but for which no provision has been made. The difference in totalfunding needed for a proposal and the amount of funding already made available. |
| Gap opening | In the context of general equities, opening price that is substantially higher or lower than the previous day's closing price, usually because of some extraordinarily positive or negative news. |
| Garage | The floor of the NYSE, which is situated on the north side of the main tradingfloor. |
| Garbatrage | Rising stock prices and increased market activity in an entire sector caused by a psychology change stemming from a major takeover involving two companies in the sector. Speculators feel other takeovers are likely in the sector. See: Rumortrage. |
| Garman-Kohlhagen option pricing model | A model widely used to price foreign currency options. |
| Gather in the stops | A marketstrategy in which investors sell stocks to drive prices to a level that breaks through stop orders known to exist. Once the price is low enough, the stop orders become market orders and are executed, to create snowballing. |
| Gaussian | A system whose probabilities are well described by the normal distribution, or bell shaped curve. |
| Gazumping | The seller’s practice of accepting a higher offer from a third party having previously accepted the buyer’s offer. A symptom of a rising market. |
| Gazundering | The buyer’s practice of lowering its offer after the original offer has been accepted. A symptom of a falling market. The lower offer is often put forward just before exchange of contracts on a take it or leave it basis. |
| GB | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for UNITED KINGDOM. |
| GBP | Pound Sterling currency |
| GBP | The ISO 4217 currency code for the United Kingdom Pound. |
| GD | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GRENADA. |
| GDP | See: Gross Domestic Product |
| GDP implicit price deflator | An economic technique used to account for inflation by comparing the current-dollar gross domestic product GDP to >constant-dollar GDP as a ratio. The ratio accounts for price changes of goods and services that make up GDP and changes in the composite of GDP. |
| GE | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GEORGIA. |
| Geared rent | Rent paid by a tenant which represents a proportion of the rent that the tenant receives, or is entitled to receive, from undertenants. Frequently used by a landowner who wishes to share development profit. Instead of selling land for a capital sum, or leasing at a fixed ground rent, a ‘profit-sharing’ lease is granted to a developer with building and letting obligations, on the basis that the rent will be a percentage of rents received or of rental value. |
| Gearing | The relationship between a company’s indebtedness and its equity capital – also referred to as a company’s ‘debt to equity ratio’. Gearing is sometimes also called leverage. Intermediate forms of capital, for example, subordinated debt, convertible loans and redeemable preference shares, can complicate the calculations. |
| Gearing | Financial leverage. |
| GEM (growing equity mortgage) | Mortgage in which annual increases in monthly payments are used to reduce outstandingprincipal and to shorten the term of the loan. |
| General account | Federal Reserve Board's term for a margin account provided to a customer by a brokerage firm. Governed by Regulation T of the FED. |
| General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) | A treaty adopted by the United Nations aimed at elimination of international trade barriers between member countries. |
| General Average | Provision in maritime law where all shippers on a given voyage would reimburse the ship line in the event of vessel sinking or catastrophic damage. It also provides for the reimbursement to those shippers whose cargo was thrown overboard in order to save the vessel. |
| General Average Contribution | The amount of money paid by each shipper involved in a General Average. |
| General cash offer | A public offering made to investors at large. |
| General ledger | Accounting records that show all the financial statement accounts of a business. |
| General lien | An attachment that gives the lender the right to seize the personal property of a borrower who has not fulfilled the obligations of the loan, but prevents the lender from seizing real property. |
| General loan and collateral agreement | The agreement governing the broker-dealer'sborrowing against listed securities from a bank for the purpose of carrying on business and making transactions. See: Broker loan rate. |
| General mortgage | A type of obligation that covers all a borrower's mortgageable properties, not just one specific property. |
| General obligation bonds | Municipalsecurities secured by the issuer's pledge of its full faith, credit, and taxing power. |
| General Order | A penalty imposed on imported goods that are not promptly cleared through customs. |
| General partner | A partner in a limited partnership responsible for management of it, so incurring unlimited liability. There may be more than one general partner. Contrast with limited partner. |
| General partner | A participant who has unlimited liability for the obligations of a partnership. |
| General partnership | A partnership in which all participants are general partners. |
| General revenue | The sum of taxes, charges, and miscellaneous income taken in at the state and local level while neglecting overlapping revenue which may be erroneously counted twice. |
| Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) | The overall conventions, rules, and procedures that define accepted accounting practice at a particular time in the U.S. |
| Generation-skipping transfer or trust | A trust in which a principal amount is placed in a trust on the death of person A and is transferred to A's grandchildren when A's children die. The income from the trust goes to the children of person A while they survive. |
| Generic | Describes the characteristics and/or experience of the total universe of a coupon of MBSsector type; that is, in contrast to a specific pool or collateral group, as in a specific CMOissue. |
| Generic credit spread | Refers to the corporate bond spread for a particular credit rating and expiry. For example, 10-year single A corporates were priced or trading at 130 basis points above Treasuries last night, or said diffrently, 130 is the generic credit spread for 10-year single A corporates. |
| Genetic Algorithms | Models that optimize rules by mimicking the Darwinian Law of survival of the fittest. A set of rules are chosen by those that work the best. The weakest are discarded. In addition, two successful rules can be combined (the equivalent to genetic cross-overs) to produce offspring rules. The offspring can replace the parents, or they will be discarded if less successful than the parents. Mutation is also accomplished by randomly changing elements. Mutation and cross-over occur with low probability, as in nature. |
| Geographic risk | Risk that arises when an issuer issues policies concentrated within certain geographic areas, such as the risk of damage from a hurricane or an earthquake. |
| Geometric mean return | Also called the time-weighted rate of return, a measure of the compound rate of growth of the initial portfoliomarket value during the evaluation period, assuming that all cashdistributions are reinvested in the portfolio. It is computed by taking the geometric average of the portfoliosubperiod returns. |
| Gestation repo | A reverse repurchase agreement between mortgagefirms and securitiesdealers. Under the agreement, the firm sells federal agency-guaranteedMBS and simultaneously agrees to repurchase them at a future date at a fixed price. |
| Get hit | Go lower in price, when bids in the stock or market are hit, causing those bids to vanish and be replaced by lower ones. Come in. Antithesis of on the take. |
| Get out | Used in the context of general equities. Sell interest ("We could get out big size in Humana.") |
| GF | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for FRENCH GUIANA. |
| GH | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GHANA. |
| Ghosting | The illegal practice that one firm drives a stock's price higher or lower, while other conspiring firms follow its lead to influence up the price of the stock. |
| GI | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GIBRALTAR. |
| GIC | See: Guaranteed Investment Contract |
| Gift inter vivos | A piece of property or asset given from one living person to another. |
| Gift splitting | A technique used to avoid a gift tax in which a large sum of money to be given by two parents to a child is halved and given to the child separately For example, a husband and wife each donate $10,000 to their child rather than one parent donating $20,000. |
| Gift tax | A tax assessed on the giver of a property or asset as a gift. A $10,000 federal gift tax exemption exists per recipient. See: Gift splitting. |
| Gilt-edged securities | British and Irish government securities. Blue Chip. |
| Gilts | A bond issued by a government, bearing a maturity date and a coupon. |
| Gilts | British and Irish government securities. Blue Chip. |
| Ginnie Mae | See: Government National Mortgage Association |
| Ginnie Mae pass-through | A securityguaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association that is backed by a collection of mortgages, in which the investor receives the interest and principal payments of participating homeowners. |
| Give up | Used for listed equity securities. (1) Term used in a securities transaction involving three brokers, as follows: Broker A, a floor broker, executes a buy order for broker B (a member firm broker who has too much business at the time to execute the order). The broker with whom broker A completes the transaction (the sell-side broker) is broker C. Broker A "gives up" the name of broker B, so that the record shows a transaction between broker B and broker C even though the trade is actually executed between broker A and broker C; (2) distribution of commissions to brokerage houses not participating in a trade. This is a grey area of the law governing reimbursement of a broker for services (e.g., research). See: Directed brokerage. |
| GL | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GREENLAND. |
| Glamor stock | A popular stock characterized by high earnings growth rate and a price that rise is faster than the marketaverage in a bull market. |
| Glass-Steagall Act | 1933 legislation prohibiting commercial banks to own, underwrite, or deal in corporate stock and corporate bonds. |
| Global bonds | Bonds designed to qualify for immediate trading in any domesticcapital market and in the Euromarket. |
| Global Depository Receipt | A receipt denoting ownership of foreign-based corporationstockshares which are traded in numerous capital markets around the world. |
| Global fund | A mutual fund that can invest anywhere in the world, including the U.S. |
| Globalization | Tendency toward a worldwide investment environment, and the integration of national capital markets. |
| GM | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GAMBIA. |
| GMC | See: Guaranteed Mortgage Certificate |
| GN | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GUINEA. |
| GNMA Midget | A GNMA pass-through certificate backed by fixed-rate mortgages with a 15-year maturity. GNMA Midget is a dealer term and is not used by GNMA in the formal description of its programs. |
| GNMA-I | Mortgage-backed securities (M.B.S.) on which registered holders receive separate principal and interest payments on each of their certificates, usually directly from the servicer of the M.B.S. pool. GNMA-I mortgage-backed securities are single-issuerpools. |
| GNMA-II | Mortgage-backed securities (M.B.S.) on which registered holders receive an aggregateprincipal and interest payment from a central paying agent on all their certificates. Principal and interest payments are disbursed on the 20th day of the month. GNMA-II M.B.S. are backed by multiple-issuer pools or custom pools (one issuer but different interest rates that may vary within one percentage point). Multiple-issuer pools are known as "jumbos." Jumbo pools are generally longer and offer certain mortgages that are more geographically diverse than single-issuer pools. Jumbo pool mortgage interest rates may vary within one percentage point. |
| Gnomes | Freddie Mac's 15-year fixed-rate pass-through securitiesissued under its cash program. |
| GNP | See: Gross National Product |
| Go along | Used for listed equity securities. Buy or sell at prices that randomly occur on the floor, participating in what trades the specialist and other players will allow. |
| Go around | Describes the N.Y. Federal Reserve Bank's trading desk practice of communicating with primary dealers to establish a market of bids and offers on behalf of the Federal Open Market Committee. |
| Go to | Used in the context of general equities. Sell insurance ("we've got 50 IBM to go".). |
| Goal | An individual's or institution's financial objective. |
| Godfather offer | An aggressive takeover technique in that the proposed offer of the acquiringcompany is so large that management of the target company cannot refuse, out of fear of lawsuits or shareholder revolt. |
| Goes | Used in the context of general equities. (1) Trades ("10 IBM goes on at 115 "); see Print; (2) indicates a change in the stock's inside market ("Apple goes 3/4 bid"). |
| Go-go fund | A type of mutual fund in highly aggressive growth stocks. The fund has high levels of risk and potential return. |
| Going ahead | A broker-dealertrades in a personal account prior to filling the orders of his or her clients. Prohibited by the NASD rules of fair practice. |
| Going away | The type of bond purchased by dealers for immediate resale to investors, as opposed to purchasing bond, to hold for some amount of time, and then reselling it at a future date. |
| Going into the trade | Used in the context of general equities. 1) Condition of the tradersposition in the security and expectations of stock placement with accounts just prior to taking an order to the exchange floor for execution; 2) On the way in. Antithesis of come out of the trade. |
| Going long | The investor's purchase of a security for investment or speculation that the price will rise resulting in a profit once the security is sold. See:: long position. Antithesis of going short. |
| Going out | Used in the context of general equities. Soliciting/advertising over the SS1, NASDSAQ, or Autex. |
| Going private | When publicly owned stock in a firm is replaced with complete equity ownership by a private group. The firm is delisted on stock exchanges and can no longer be purchased in the open markets. |
| Going public | When a private company first offersshares to the publicmarket and investors. See: IPO. |
| Going short | Selling stock that an investor does not own by borrowingshares from a broker. The assumption is that the price will fall. The investor then buys (covers the short) the shares at a lower price than what they were sold for, recognizing the difference as a profit. Antithesis of going long. |
| Going-concern value | The value of a company to another company or individual in terms of an operating business. The difference between a company's going-concern value and its asset or liquidation value is deemed goodwill and plays a major role in mergers and acquisitions. |
| Gold bars | Bars with a minimum content of 99.5% gold, which may be held by central banks or traded by investors. |
| Gold bond | Bondsissued by gold-mining companies and backed by gold. The bonds make interest payments based on the level of gold prices. |
| Gold bullion | Investment-grade, pure gold, which may be smelted into gold coins or gold bars. |
| Gold Carry Trade | A carry trade where you borrow and pay interest in order to buy something else that has higher interest. The gold carry trade works as follows. A central bank loans a bank (sometimes called a bullion bank) some gold. The gold lease rate is usually very low. The bullion bank immediately sells the gold and invests in securities with a higher rate of return, such as government long-term bonds. The carry return is the return on the bonds minus the gold lease rate. However, this trade is risky on two dimensions. First, if the bullion bank invested in long-term bonds and the interest rate goes up, the trade could be unprofitable. More seriously, the bullion bank has effectively sold the gold short. If the loan is called by the Central bank and if gold has risen in value, the bullion bank will have to go into the market and purchase higher priced gold. Indeed, if many banks are short, the unwinding of the gold carry trade could drive the gold price even higher. Related: Carry Trade. |
| Gold certificate | Certificate of an investor, that shows proof of ownership of gold bullion. |
| Gold coins | Coin minted in gold, such as the American Eagle or the Canadian Maple Leaf. |
| Gold exchange standard | A fixed exchange rate system adopted in the Bretton Woods agreement. It required the U.S. to peg the dollar to gold and other countries to peg their currencies to the dollar. |
| Gold fixing | The process of determining the price of gold based on supply and demand forces of the market; which occurs twice daily in London. |
| Gold mutual fund | A mutual fund that primarily invests in gold-mining companies'stock. |
| Gold standard | An international monetary system in which currencies are defined in terms of their gold content, and payment imbalances between countries are settled in gold. It was in effect from about 1870 to 1914. |
| Goldbug | Analysts who recommends gold as an investment/hedge. |
| Golden handcuffs | A contract that binds a broker to a brokerage firm by offering the brokercommissions and bonuses, but penalizes the broker if he or she goes to work for another firm. |
| Golden handshake | A large payment to a senior employee who is forced into retirement or fired as a result of a takeover or simular development. |
| Golden hello | A bonus a securitiesfirm pays to attract an employee from a competing firm. |
| Golden parachute | Compensation paid to top-level management by a targetfirm if a takeover occurs. |
| Goldilocks economy | A term developed in the mid 1990s to describe the positive performance of the economy as "not too hot, not too cold; just right." |
| Good delivery | A delivery in which everything - order-endorsement, any necessary attached legal papers. |
| Good delivery and settlement procedures | Refers to PSA Uniform Practices such as cutoff times on delivery of securities and notification, allocation, and proper endorsement. |
| Good faith deposit | Used in the context of commodities. Refers to the initial margin account deposit needed when buying or selling a futurescontract; approximately 2%-10% of the contract value. Used in the context of securities to describe the deposit required by securitiesfirms engaged in transactions on behalf of a new client. Also used to refer to the deposit with a municipal bondissuer by firms competing for the underwriting business. |
| Good money | Federal funds that clear on the same day, unlike clearinghouse funds, which require three days to clear. |
| Good through/until date order | Used in the context of general equities. Market or limited price order that remains viable for a stated period of time unless cancelled, executed, or changed, after which such order or the portion thereof not executed is to be treated as cancelled. |
| Good 'til cancelled order (GTC) | An order to buy or sell stock that is good until you execute or cancel it. Brokerages usually set a limit of 30-60 days, at which the G.T.C. order expires if not restated. (Different from a day order.) |
| Good-this-Month order (GTM) | An order to buy or sell securities that continues to be a valid order until the end of the current month. |
| Goodwill | Excess of purchase price over fair market value of net assets acquired under the purchase method of accounting. |
| Government bond | See: Government securities |
| Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) | A wholly owned U.S. government corporation within the Department of Housing & Urban Development. Ginnie Mae guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on securitiesissued by approved servicers that are collateralized by FHA-issued, VA-guaranteed, or Farmers Home Administration (FmHA)-guaranteed mortgages. |
| Government obligations | U.S. government-backed debt instruments, which are considered among the safest investments possible, including Treasury bonds, bills, and notes, and savings bonds. |
| Government securities | NegotiableU.S. Treasurysecurities. |
| Government sponsored enterprises | Privately owned, publiclychartered entities, such as the Student Loan Marketing Association, created by Congress to reduce the cost of capital for certain borrowing sectors of the economy including farmers, homeowners, and students. |
| Governments | U.S. government-issuedsecurities, such as Treasury bills, bonds, and notes, and savings bonds. Governments are considered among the safest investments available as they are backed by the U.S. government. Also used to refer to debtissues of federal agencies, which are not directly backed by the U.S. government. |
| GP | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GUADELOUPE. |
| GPM | See: Graduated Payment Mortgages |
| GQ | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for EQUATORIAL GUINEA. |
| GR | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GREECE. |
| Grace period | The time period stipulated in most loancontracts and insurance policies during which a late payment will not result in default or cancellation. |
| Graduated call writing | Selling covered calloptions at incrementally rising exercise prices, so that as the price of the underlyingstock rises and the options are exercised, the seller receives a higher average price than the original exercise price. |
| Graduated lease | A type of long-termlease whose payments are variable rather than fixed, and depend upon a benchmark rate, such as changes in the consumer price index. |
| Graduated payment | Repayment terms calling for gradual increases in the payments on a closed-end obligation. A graduated payment loan usually involves negative amortization. |
| Graduated security | A security that has moved from listing on an exchange of less prominence to one of more prominence. |
| Graduated-payment mortgage (GPM) | A type of stepped-payment loan in which the borrower's payments are initially lower than those on a comparable level-rate mortgage. The payments gradually increase over a predetermined period (usually 3, 5, or 7 years), and then are fixed at a level-pay schedule, which will be higher than the level-pay amortization of a level-pay mortgage originated at the same time. The difference between what the borrower actually pays and the amount required to fully amortize the mortgage is added to the unpaid principal balance. |
| Graham and Dodd method of investing | An investment strategy based on security analysis and identification. Investorsbuystocks with undervalued assetsspeculating that these assets will appreciate to their true value. |
| Graham-Harvey Measure 1 | Performance measure developed by John Graham and Campbell Harvey. The idea is to lever a fund's portfolio to exactly match the volatility of the S&P 500. The difference between the fund's levered return and the S&P 500 return is the performance measure. |
| Graham-Harvey Measure 2 | Performance measure developed by John Graham and Campbell Harvey. The idea is to lever the S&P 500 portfolio to exactly match the volatility of the fund. The difference between the fund's return and the levered S&P 500 return is the performance measure. |
| Grandfather clause | A provision included in a new rule or regulation that exempts a business that is already conducting business in the area addressed by the regulation from penalty or restriction. |
| Grandfathered activities | Nonbank activities, some of which would normally not be permissible for bank holding companies and foregin banks in the United States, but which were acquired or engaged in before a particular date. Such activities may be continued under the "grandfather" clauses of the Bank Holding Company Act and the International Banking Act. |
| Grant | The issuance of an award under a stock plan, such as a stock option or shares of restricted stock. |
| Grant Date | The date on which an option or other award is granted. |
| Grantor | A trader in the optionsmarket who makes premium income by selling options. |
| Grantor Retained Income Trust (GRIT) | A tax-saving trust in which a grantor transfers property to a beneficiary, but receives income until termination, at which time the beneficiary begins receiving the income. |
| Grantor trust | A mechanism of issuingMBS wherein the mortgages' collateral is deposited with a trustee under a custodial or trust agreement. |
| Graveyard market | Bear market in which investors who sell are faced with substantial losses, while potential investors prefer to stay liquid; that is, to keep their money in cash or cash equivalents until market conditions improve. |
| Gray knight | In a merger or acquisitions, a gray knight is an acquiringcompany that outbids a white knight in pursuit of its own best interests, although it is friendlier than a hostile bidder. |
| Gray list | Formal roster of stocks that can be traded by the block desks, but not in risk arbitrage because an investment bank is involved with the company on nonpublic activity (e.g., mergers and acquisitions defense). A stock's presence on this list should never be conveyed to anyone outside the trading area, much less outside the firm. See: Restricted list. |
| Gray market | Describes the sale of securities that have not officially been issued to firms other than the underwriting syndicate. This type of market serves as a good indicator of demand for a new issue in the publicmarket. |
| Great call | Used in the context of general equities. Potential customer who may have an interest in participating in a particular trade if customer's past inquiry or activity is any indication. |
| Greater fool theory | An investment notion that even when a stock is fully valued by conventional standards, there is room for upward movement because there are enough buyers to push prices farther upward purely on speculation or hype. |
| Greenfield site | A site which has not been previously developed or used other than for agricultural or open space. |
| Greenmail | The holding of a large block of stock of a target company by an unfriendly company, with the object of forcing the target company to repurchase the stock at a substantial premium to prevent a takeover. |
| Greenshoe option | Option that allows the underwriter for a new issue to buy and resell additional shares. |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) | The market value of final goods and services produced over time including the income of foreign corporations and foreign residents working in the U.S., but excluding the income of U.S. residents and corporations overseas. |
| Gross earnings | A person's totaltaxable income prior to adjustments. See: adjusted gross income. |
| Gross estate | The total value of a person's property and assets before accounting for debts, taxes, and liabilities. |
| Gross external area | The total area of a building (taking each floor into account) measured from the outside face of the perimeter walls and including all areas normally excluded in the calculation of net internal area (but generally excluding covered car parking areas). |
| Gross income - | A person's total income prior to exclusions and deductions. |
| Gross interest | Interest earned before taxes are deducted. |
| Gross lease | A type of property lease in which the lessor (owner of the property being leased) pays expenses associated with ownership such as damages, taxes, and insurance. |
| Gross National Product (GNP) | Measures and economy's total income. It is equal to G.D.P. plus the income abroad accruing to domestic residents minus income generated in domestic market accruing to non-residents. |
| Gross parity | Applies mainly to convertible securities and international equities. Antithesis of net parity. For the price of a convertible, including accrued interest. For the price of international security, including commissions, fees, stamp duty, and other transactioncosts, translated into U.S. dollar amounts. |
| Gross per broker | The dollar amount of commissions generated by a broker or registered representative over a specific period. |
| Gross profit | Salesminus the cost of goods sold. |
| Gross profit margin | Gross profit divided by sales, which is equal to each sales dollar left over after paying for the cost of goods sold. |
| Gross rental income | The total of all rents receivable from a property – usually defined to exclude sums which although recovered as rent are in fact to reimburse service charges or insurance costs. Contrast with net rental income. |
| Gross sales | Totalsales calculated by summing all sales at invoice values, neglecting any adjustments such as customer discounts or returns. |
| Gross spread | The fraction of the gross proceeds of an underwrittensecuritiesoffering that is paid as compensation to the underwriters of the offering. |
| Gross Weight | The full weight (including goods and packaging) of shipment. |
| Grossing-up clause | A clause customarily found in loan documents which provides that where withholding taxes are imposed on payments by the borrower to the lender, the borrower will pay an additional amount to the lender so that the lender receives what it would have received had there been no such taxes. This payment is known as a grossing-up payment. |
| Ground lease | A lease of land, as opposed to a lease of a building. |
| Ground rent | Literally a rent payable for land usually under a lease for 99 years or more, which historically imposed on the tenant an obligation to build on that land. Often such rents are historic. In the past, ground rents were fixed for the duration of the lease. It is more usual for modern ground rents to escalate during the term. Residential ground rents often double every 50 or 33 years. Ground rents are usually payable where the lease has been granted in return for a premium. Sometimes used to describe that element of a geared rent which is payable to the land owner. Contrast this with a rack rent. |
| Group insurance | Insurance coverage for a group, which can usually be obtained at a cheaper rate than insurance for an individual. |
| Group of Eight (G-8) | The G-7 countries plus Russia. |
| Group of Five (G-5) | The five leading countries (France, Germany, Japan, the U.K., and the U.S.) that meet periodically to achieve some cooperative effort on international economic issues. When currency issues are discussed, the monetary authorities of these nations hold the meeting. |
| Group of Seven (G-7) | The G-5 countries plus Canada and Italy. |
| Group of Ten | A group of the ten major industrialized countries whose mission is to create a more stable world economic trading environment through monetary and fiscal policies. The ten are Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. |
| Group rotation | The tendency of stocks in one sector of the market to outperform and then underperform other industries, usually as a result of economic cycles or the conditions in a particular industry. |
| Group rotation manager | A top-down manager who deduces the phases of the business cycle and allocates assets accordingly. |
| Group sales | Blocksale (of large amounts) of securities to institutional investors. |
| Group Universal Life Policy (GULP) | Universal life insurance on a group basis. See: Group insurance. |
| Growing Equity Mortgage (GEM) | Mortgage with a fixed interest rate and payments that increase throughout the term of the mortgage. |
| Growing perpetuity | A constant stream of cash flows without end that is expected to rise indefinitely. |
| Growth and income fund | A mutual fund that invests primarily in stocks with a history of capital gains (growth) and consistent dividend payments (income). |
| Growth fund | A mutual fund that invests primarily in stocks with a history of and future potential for capital gains. |
| Growth manager | A money manager who seeks to buystocks that typically sell at relatively high P/E ratios due to high earnings growth, with the expectation of continued high or higher earnings growth. |
| Growth opportunity | Opportunity to invest in profitable projects. |
| Growth phase | A phase of development during which a company experiences rapid earnings growth as it produces new products and expands market share. |
| Growth rates | Compound annual growth rate for the number of full fiscal years shown. If there is a negative or zero value for the first or last year, the growth is N.M. (not meaningful). |
| Growth stock | Common stock of a company that has an opportunity to investmoney and earn more than the opportunity cost of capital. |
| GS | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS. |
| GT | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GUATEMALA. |
| GTC | See: Good 'til cancelled order |
| GU | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GUAM. |
| Guarantee | A collateral agreement in which a guarantor agrees to discharge an obligation (often a debt) if the ‘primary obligor’ fails to do so. |
| Guarantee | The assumption of responsibility for payment of a debt or performance of some obligation if the liable party fails to perform to expectations. |
| Guarantee Fee | A sum paid by the importer to the guarantor, usually as a percentage per annum of the face value of the bills or notes being guaranteed. |
| Guarantee letter | A commercial bank's letter assuring payment of the exercise price of a client's put option. |
| Guaranteed bond | A type of bond for which a firm other than the issuerguarantees its interest and principal payments. |
| Guaranteed insurability | A life and health insurance policy feature that enables the insured to add coverage at future times and at fixed and agreed-upon rates regardless of health conditions. |
| Guaranteed insurance contract | A contract promising a stated nominal interest rate over some specific time period, usually several years. |
| Guaranteed investment contract (GIC) | A pure investment product in which a life company agrees, for a single premium, to pay at a maturity date the principal amount of a predetermined annual crediting (interest) rate over the life of the investment. |
| Guaranteed Mortgage Certificates (GMC) | First issued by Freddie Mac in 1975, G.M.C.s, like PCs, represent undivided interest in specified conventional whole loans and participations previously purchased by Freddie Mac. |
| Guaranteed renewable policy insurance | A type of insurance policy that requires the insurer to renew the policy to an individual regardless of health changes. No changes may be made to an individual policyholder unless the same change is applied to all policyholders. |
| Guaranteed replacement cost coverage insurance | A policy that covers the full cost of replacing damaged property without any allowances or deductions, e.g., depreciation. |
| Guaranteeing/ Avalising Bank | The person, bank, or financial entity who gives the guarantee for the importer. |
| Guarantor | A party who will guarantee repayment or performance of a covenant. |
| Guarantor program | Under the Freddie Mac program, the aggregation by a single issuer (usually an S&L) for the purpose of forming a qualifying pool to be issued as PCs under the Freddie Macguarantee. |
| Guardian | An individual or trust institution appointed by a court to care for a minor or an incompetent person and his or her property. |
| Guidance | It is increasingly important for firms to meet or exceed analysts' consensus earnings forecasts. Often management will give guidance or hints of the earnings per share prospects over the next quarter or next year to try to direct the consensus to what is achievable. For example, it is possible that the consensus is well above management's internal forecasts. Management will try to guide the consensus downwards so that when the earnings are released the negative surprise is minimized. Under Regulation FD, management needs to be very careful to provide guidance information to all shareholders -- not just a select group of analysts. This is often achieved in investor presentations (that are often webcast) or conference calls (where anyone is allowed to dial in). |
| Gun jumping | In the context of securitiestrading, refers to trading in a security on the basis of information that has not been made available to the public. The illegal solicitation of buy orders in an underwriting before completion and finalization of Securities and Exchange Commissionregistration. |
| Gunslinger | An aggressive portfolio manager who makes riskyinvestments, typically in margin accounts, in search of high returns. |
| GW | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GUINEA-BISSAU. |
| GY | The two-character ISO 3166 country code for the for GUYANA. |
| Gypsy Swaps | In the context of Regulation D. A private purchaser wishes to invest directly in an issuer but hopes to acquire unrestricted securities. Through arrangements and understandings with the issuer, a stockholder with shares that are either restricted securities currently eligible for sale under Rule 144 or unrestricted securities sells the shares to the private purchaser. At about the same time, the issuer sells an equivalent number of shares to the stockholder. The Securities & Exchange Commission's view is that the shares taken by the private purchaser from the stockholder will be restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144(a)(3). The holding period will date to the private acquisition. A public resale of the shares acquired from the stockholder without regard to the conditions of Rule 144 would raise serious issues under Section 5 of the Securities Act for all parties to the transactions. |
